Changing Gender Roles Research Paper Example

Changing Gender Roles Paper The important norms of life divide the people in different categories and groups depending upon the race, religion and age. There is another category that is most of the times simply irresistible to be forgotten which is the gender division. It is the just the instant reflex that makes the males and females to observe the difference during any kind of confrontation. As these issues stand by Sociology plays an important role in describing how the gender roles are devised and how they change as the time passes by. More or less the difference lies in the beliefs of the society including interpretation of different situations and the stereotyping that leads to certain conclusion at times (Wallace Alison, 1995). Gender Roles: Social learning theory works for the socialization. Social learning theory is described as the process in which a person from its birth learns different aspects of life including behaviors and responses to the behaviors as he sees (Giddens et al, 2007). Socialization is therefore a process in which the person learns how customs, environment and laws work in society. Gender socialization is the focused form of socialization and allows the grooming of different sexes into individuals and how they are supposed to play their roles according to their genders in the society. Defining of the gender roles is an important in how the society works. Looking into the developed countries of the world, the gender roles are often termed towards discrimination but still the conventional roles of the women have changed considerably for both males and females. A persons gender role encloses many different elements including the way of clothing, styling etc. and the differences in these roles have alwa ys continued over time (Christie-Mizell, 2006). The division of the roles has been, historically, based on males and females but different gender roles have emerged overtime as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Changing Gender Roles specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Changing Gender Roles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Changing Gender Roles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Changing of gender roles has been a quite continuous process. Males and females trying to avoid their personal strengths of being a specific sex have changed. Research followed in Western countries have shown that the females have become lot more vulnerable and hollow in their approach towards their main role of bearing child and work domestically. The progressive approach has made them to deviate from their roles considerably causing the momentum to be shifted away from the equilibrium that requires stability (Giddens et al, 2007). Even the role of males has changed in most parts of the world as well. Gender Roles in America: The civilization has played an important role in the cultural aspects of the country where the gender role reformation has taken place in recent years. The formation of the laws always stood against the females as they were never allowed to take part in active politics and they didnt have the right to vote. More importantly the females were more degraded than this specific reality as they were not even considered a responsible part of the society and were treated quite disgracefully. Though they were bearing children and were good at domestic works but they require more than these things in their life. Thus it seems that the changing in the gender roles was quite inevitable for them as they wanted to revitalize their gender so that they can be viewed differently (Scott Braun, 2006). After considerable work done in the history by some females, they gained a respectable stature in the society. They were allowed to gain education and move freely into the markets and everywhere. The social aspects of this new role have placed various questions upon the conventionality of the gender roles which are very far away from each other. The important point is the equality which has played a major role in the shaping of lives of both sexes. The males and females have come at direct confrontation with each other considering both of them as enemy of each other. This particular statement has made both sexes to move away from their main role and they have tried to invent things of their opposite gender into their own. Those who agree with these changing of roles describe this as a healthy change which could provide prosperity to the society but the socialization has predominantly been affected. The women now have achieved respect; they are now in fashion and media and are running side by side with men. They have taken job positions which few years back would have been only appropriate for men. They even try to gain access to these jobs because this is the way they feel secure whereas the males have continued to show their dominance by going into wars, running the business and taking responsibility of the family in previous years are now having direct competition from the females (Connell, 1987). The critics of these changing in the gender roles describe it as a curse which is causing the natural phenomenon to worn out without benefits and with serious consequences. The people are no longer interested in marriages and having families rather than work for money. They are just moving away from the basic means of life. The inclusion of stress, pain and sleeplessness with the essence of loneliness has made the whole American society to become solvent in the current society. The birth rates are going down, new born babies are not having the right kind of learning scenarios and the gender differentiation is causing the frustration as well (Andersen, 1993). The discrimination and racism has also increased considerably against the women. Many men are still unable to realize the reality that females now hold equal rights and require respect. When this happen they are going around the way and try to gain the dominance by either beating or by other measly actions. This has caused the ra tio of domestic violence to gain as well. The families and household structures in America have changed considerably therefore. The females are not confined to the homes only and the males are not confined to offices only. Males also take the responsibilities for the growth of their children when their wives are doing office works. This is where the sociological aspects of the America have changed quite a lot. The gender discrimination might not be present on a larger scale and at one place where they have provided good results, bad results are also present. Gender Roles in Hong Kong: Hong Kong has a very strong cultural and sociological structure. The Chinese structure of the families play an important role in the Hong Kong culture where the gender roles are changing but they are being kept at a steady pace (AU, 1993). Though with recent advancements in the field of science and technology and the industries, the progressive approach around the world have required some changes in Hong Kong as well. Chinese remains a great follower of their family cultures. The women are devised to raise the families but there are many examples where they are quite active in the work as well though the ratio of respect for the elders and the males is quite more than that is present in the American culture. Chinese believe in providing better services to their grandparents more than in the American culture. The combined family system is still applicable in various parts of the country as opposed to the American society where the grandparents are stuck into the old age houses. The gender roles in Hong Kong have never been hyped before the 1980s. The country gained these propositions from the fueling from the United Nations about the human rights of the women. After these incidents, the gender roles started to change but less gradually than any other country in the West. The gender roles were clearly stereotyped since recently. Today, Hong Kong has placed various complications in their system which not only provides right to the women but also the freedom to choose whatever role they want to attain regardless of their gender importance (AU, 1993). Women are present in politics, in businesses, in social welfare and then there are those who are actively taking part in the domestic role for their families. The understanding of the role basically depends upon the individual. The stereotyping can become an important factor to provide easy access to the decisions. Difference in Gender Changing Roles in Hong Kong and America: At this point we are much clear about the gender roles in traditional as well as modern American society. Situation however, is very different in Hong Kong. Hong Kong is still is in the transition phase when view in terms of changing gender roles. In terms of traditional gender roles America and Hong Kong are much similar. America being a liberal nation showed less resistant to changing gender roles than Hong Kong. Things are on the go in Hong Kong too, but it has been observed that resistance factor still creating many hurdles. Men here still want their wives to stay at home and perform the household hold duties and domestic chores. Eventually, media played a very positive role, employers are creating jobs for women, and equal employment opportunities are available in most if not in all organizations. Despite of all these facts, Hong Kong is still far behind. . Many researches highlighted different factors which are still to be addressed. Issue has been discussed widely too, may be youth can make it possible. Different studies has been conducted to have an inside towards genders inequality, it is derived from these studies that the textbooks offered to students (even at primary level) intends to believe in stereotypes about men superiority. Portrayals in different textbooks highlighted men as social person and women as household manager (Au, 1993: 13). Apart from this, women are repeatedly under presented in the textbook character portrayal. When these children were asked about their perception towards gender they replied as expected (Au, 1993: 18). Now the question arises if teachers, parents, principals and publishers are aware of what they are intending their children to learn, or not. These types of activities are the clear wisdom of the intensions of Hong Kong policies towards gender inequality. Conclusion Americans are leading the world, not because they have adequate resources to do so, because they care about the issues and try to trigger that out. They are liberal towards human rights and believe that both men and women have capacities to perform duties traditionally symbolize to one. Hong Kong on the other hand is not paying attention to what we can say call of Time. Increasing number of women physicians, judges, teachers, scientists are the resources of America. Though we know, Americans still have to do a lot towards actual gender equality and ideal changing gender roles, they have to rectify the pay inequality, they need to increase the number of women in top level management to show that women can do almost everything associated to men, traditionally. This is the wakeup time for Hong Kong Government to educate their people towards changing gender roles and to create equal employment opportunities with positive intensions. Women of this era are not t all less than man. At this stage, we need to promote and encourage gender equality and equal employment opportunities and to do this first we need to introduce more gender equality curriculum. Otherwise, we will remain behind not only from America but from other nations too. This is not an easy task as we dont know how much this gender-based curriculum penetrated in our upcoming youth. Policy measures are required at organizational level both in education and business organization. Apart from curriculum and equal employment opportunity, media should be the source to educate people. Power of media can be use as an opportunity to educate people quickly and effectively.

Over a Dozen Cool Science Dating Ideas

Over a Dozen Cool Science Dating Ideas So, you used your favorite chemistry pick-up line and secured a date who appreciates your love of science. Heres a look at some types of dates that might be perfect if your sweetie is a scientist or is interested in science. Dinner and movie are still a good plan, especially with the right movie, but here are some additional dating ideas. Science Date Ideas Play a sport that involves science. Okay, so there is science in all sports, but bowling, billiards, and darts allow you to gauge momentum and consider trajectories and all that fun math stuff. Ice skating involves friction and angular momentum and possibly some experience with the effects of gravity. Skiing and sledding are also good choices, plus afterward, you get to snuggle up together to get warm again. Play a science board game together. My personal favorites are Nuclear War and its add-on, Nuclear Annihilation. Risk and chess are other great choices.Visit a museum, zoo, or planetarium, or catch a laser light show. Experiment with cryogenic materials together. Dipping flowers in liquid nitrogen are romantic, right? Pretty much anything involving liquid nitrogen or dry ice is fair game. If that sounds dangerous, you could always enjoy Dippin Dots (dry ice temperature) ice cream together. Play with fire. You knew this would be on my list somewhere, right? Light off fireworks tog ether or make your own. Make smores, but see if either or both of you can start the fire from scratch. Learn molecular gastronomy together. Grab a kit online or from a bookstore or follow along with videos online to prepare a meal that applies chemistry to make unusual food. You could also make interesting cocktails using the techniques. Play with a black light together. Check items around the house to see which ones glow when exposed to UV light. Explore science projects you can do using a black light. Grab a telescope and go stargazing. No telescope? Try binoculars or a camera with a zoom lens. If you do have a telescope, its pretty easy to grab photos of your observations using a cell phone, so you can remember the date. Grow magic rocks. You can gaze into each others eyes when youre not watching the pebbles grow into crystalline towers. Get a kit or make magic rocks from scratch. Break out the molecular model kit and make structures. If you dont have a kit, try using pretzels and gummy candies. Watch a movie. Surely you have a favorite science or science fiction movie! Bonus poin ts if its Star Wars and you dress like a character or bring a light saber. Break out the Lego set. Build together. Perform science experiments on real flowers. Flowers are romantic, right? Make a rainbow rose, a glow-in-the-dark flower, or simply color flowers using food coloring. You can perform paper chromatography on flowers to examine their pigments. Download and watch the very first episode of Doctor Who. Break out the paper and scissors. Cut out paper snowflakes. Make a Mobius strip. Make cute little hearts. Grow crystals. There are many household chemicals you can use to grow crystals. Rock candy or sugar crystals are the only ones youll want to taste-test. Order a pizza and play video games. Note to guys: this is only a good date if you pick a game she also enjoys playing (not just watching). Valentines Day  chemistry projects to try.

Home and School Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Home and School Relationship - Essay Example In order to obtain detailed information concerning classroom processes I interviewed the teacher. She provided useful information and structure sheets that I used to learn about the relationship between the families of students and school. Parental Communication On the first day I noticed a table labeled â€Å"The Parent Communication Table.† This table was located near the front door where the parents could see it while bringing the kids to school. On this table there were information sheets available to keep the parents updated on school events, tutoring programs, weekly newsletters, and financial assistance. This newsletter also included activities that the parents and children could do at home. One of my favorite informational resources within the newsletter was the parent bulletin board. As another way to help parents stay updated, it provides advice for working parents about how to balance their job with their child’s learning. In addition, the teacher puts commun ication letters in her children’s green take-home folders. She said that this helped to ensure that the student’s parents received the letters because the children had to bring the folders back signed. The teachers also used other methods to communicate with the parents, such as through email, phone, and notes on STI. STI is a state-run internet program that offers information on the kid’s behavior, grades, and any school communication currently available. The teacher I interviewed said that email was the best way to deliver information and maintain good communication with parents. Unfortunately, this method is entirely successful as this school had a high number of students from low income families which means that some parents have no access to computers. The teacher also informed me that all of her children have information cards. She also uses the information cards to teach the kids their names, parent’s name(s), address, and phone numbers. By the com bination of tools and techniques employed, it is clear that ‘Best Practice’ methods were being used in this classroom to enhance communication between the parents and teachers. I read in an article entitled, â€Å"8 Tips for Elementary School Success† by Koup-Larsen and Stopper (2011) which stated that good communication with parents helps both the teacher and the children. I believe that it is the parents that are best equipped to tell a teacher about their child’s learning behaviors and I will make sure to provide a well-structured communication system to keep my parents informed. According to Dworkin, Gonzalez, Gengler, and Olsen (2010) in â€Å"Using Newsletters to Improve Parent’s Communication with Their Early Adolescents†, they conducted a survey which involved testing 77 parents in five states to see the effectiveness of newsletters. This study showed that newsletters could be useful in transporting information back to the parents. Di versity in the Classroom In this classroom of 17 students there was only one student with a learning disability. This child has a type of speech impairment, but is not singled out due to this during any of the group activities. When I interviewed the teacher she said that the student works best in small groups with other children. She also told me that he has a speech-language pathologist that works with him one hour every day. The speech-language pathologist teaches the child how to pronounce words and how to better socialize with

IDPS Latest Roundup Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IDPS Latest Roundup - Article Example 280) We worked as transformation leaders and managed to achieve the objectives for full utilisation of IDPS with greater success. We have been working to achieve fully automated systems through the use of Autodesk Revit ROBOT Structural Analysis and Autodesk Ecotet. Today, experts are using these systems to determine the type of framing material to meet their low CO2 emissions target as the changes in the method of building production is required and high degree of accuracy is needed in building production to satisfy the clients to meet the global challenges in building construction (Kim and Haas 764). One of the major setbacks of conventional word processing systems is that they are not able to adjust to the changing requirements. Some feel the learning curve is steep while others feel the errors in conventional word processing systems are very high (Pritschow et al. 280). Additionally, the need for using automated office tools is being realized by more and more offices. One of the inherent qualities of automated office tools such as Integrated Document Production System is their ease of use and its user friendly functions. IDPS utilized for the construction industry will integrate various important software products such as Orion, Autodesk and Atlas Pro. This will facilitate the structural engineers to get accurate measurements of the steel members of buildings. In early 2012, the IDPS group started using IT as a conventional method used for preparing architectural drawings and designs, as the process of preparation of tender documents was time consuming and difficult to work. The drawbacks of the conventional system were - †¢ The designs overlapped and with inadequate support for the management, it created a lack of coordination within the team members. †¢ The design process took 1-2 months, architectural drawings 3-4 months; structural drawing 3-4 months, mechanism electrical drawings 3-4 months, submission 1-2 months and the preparation of bill o f quantities took 3-4 months. Moreover, for the preparation of tender stage it took 20 months. †¢ The lack of coordination reduced the efficiency. †¢ Unnecessary pressure was created on resources and time, ultimately resulting in delay in implementation. †¢ The process involved lots of manual calculations resulting in human based calculation errors and delays, due to which the buildings in Brunei were not able to appear advanced. Advantages of using Integrated Document Production System The Integrated Document Production System which was started by the Department of Technical Services under the e-Government initiative has been successful in achieving the needed efficiency in preparing tender documents and implementing projects (Kahane and Rosenfeld 764). The tools which were included by the IDPS were - Autodesk Revit Architecture, Autodesk Revit Structure, Orion, Autedesk Revit MEP and Atlas Pro. Automation and use of robots speeded up the working, drawing preparation and improving the management of project; additionally improving coordination and integration of the project. It reduced the time needed for completing the projects and provided the needed rationale which worked on tender documents. Further, it was able to provide the analysis of the structure. IT was used to get the information that can be stored in one database and it allowed the administrator to handle and analyse the data in a better way. It also provided improved coordination in the construction industry in the field of quantity surveying, engineering,

Managing Property Businesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing Property Businesses - Essay Example The stock market is always right and price is the only reality in trading. If you want to make money in any market, you need to mirror what the market is doing. If the market is going down and you are long, the market is right and you are wrong. If the stock market is going up and you are short, the market is right and you are wrong. Every market or stock that goes up will go down and most markets or stocks that have gone down, will go up. The more extreme the move up or down, the more extreme the movement in the opposite direction once the trend changes. This is also known as "the trend always changes rule." If you are looking for "reasons" that stocks or markets make large directional moves, you will probably never know for certain. Since we are dealing with perception of markets-not necessarily reality, you are wasting your time looking for the many reasons markets move. A huge mistake most investors make is assuming that stock markets are rational or that they are capable of ascertaining why markets do anything. To make a profit trading, it is only necessary to know that markets are moving - not why they are moving. Stock market winners only care about direction and duration, while market losers are obsessed with the whys. Stock markets generally move in advance of news or supportive fundamentals - sometimes months in advance. If you wait to invest until it is totally clear to you why a stock or a market is moving, you have to assume that others have done the same thing and you may be too late. You need to get positioned before the largest directional trend move takes place. The market reaction to good or bad news in a bull market will be positive more often than not. The market reaction to good or bad news in a bear market will be negative more often than not. The trend is your friend. Since the trend is the basis of all profit, we need long term trends to make sizeable money. The key is to know when to get aboard a trend and stick with it for a long period of time to maximize profits. Contrary to the short term perspective of most investors today, all the big money is made by catching large market moves - not by day trading or short term stock investing. You must let your profits run and cut your losses quickly if you are to have any chance of being successful. Trading discipline is not a sufficient condition to make money in the markets, but it is a necessary condition. If you do not practice highly disciplined trading, you will not make money over the long term. This is a stock trading "system" in itself. The Efficient Market Hypothesis is fallacious and is actually a derivative of the perfect competition model of capitalism. The Efficient Market Hypothesis at root shares many of the same false premises as the perfect competition paradigm as described by a well known economist. The perfect competition model is not based on anything that exists on this earth. Consistently profitable professional traders simply have better information - and they act on it. Most non-professionals trade strictly on emotion, and lose much more money than they earn. The combination of superior information for some investors

Analysis of Attitudes towards Terrorist Groups

Analysis of Attitudes towards Terrorist Groups Introduction Pakistan has lost at least 50,943 lives to terrorism just since January 1, 2003, according to the SATP data base , including 18,373 civilians, 26,992 terrorists, and 5,578 SF personnel. Terrorism is one of the major problems of Pakistan which is effecting and causing all other problems. Its effecting, economy, tourism, sports almost all the social and economic factors of the country and most of all its causing constant death fear in people. Especially the young generation likes university students. Tehrik i Taliban Pakistan (TTP) is a major organization which is responsible for almost all of the major terror attacks in Pakistan. They accepted the responsibilities of those attacks and also openly declare war against Pakistani government. We will target security forces, government installations, political leaders and police, Asmatullah Shaheen, head of the shura and caretaker leader of the TTP, told Reuters by telephone from an undisclosed location. (DAWN, 19 April, 2014). All areas will come under attack but Punjab will come first, TTP spokesperson Shaheen said. (CNN ,8 november 2013). Tharek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) is an umbrella organization of many different Islamic militant groups based in FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Areas) near Afghanistan border. Most Taliban groups unite under the TTP (Yusufzai Rahimullah 2008) about 13 groups united under the leadership of Baitullah Mehsud in December 2007 to form the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan.(Bajoria , Jayshree. 2008) Implication of their interpretation of shraia by power , stand against NATO forces in Afghanistan and resistance against Pakistani state was there main objectives.  (Bajoria Jayshree 2008, Abbasperson Hassan 2009). They are responsible for major attacks for example Manawa police academy, GOR, PAF base, and killing of 23 FC personals, attack on Malala Yousafzai and many more. In Pakistan there is positive as well as negative attitude toward TTP, Eagly and Chaiken,(1998), define attitude as evaluating a particular event or person with favor or disfavor. Someone’s past and present can formed his attitude. (Alport Gordon,1935). People can also have unclear attitude toward something or situation they can express positive or negative attitude toward same situation at different times (Wood.W ,2000) Jungs define attitude as psychological readiness of a person to react or act in specific way (Jung, 1921,1971). Attitudes have two forms conscious and unconscious. Jung defined several attitudes within this broad definition. 1: Unconscious and Consciousness. The presence of unconscious and conscious attitude is very common. This mean that consciousness has disambiguation of contents which is different from that of the unconscious, this duality evident in neurosis (Jung, 1921 ,1971) 2: introversion and extroversion. Introversion and extroversion attitudes are labeled as â€Å"attitude type† by Jung, this pair is so elementary Jung’s theory of attitude types. 3: Rational and irrational attitudes. Convincing of a reason as an attitude (Jung, 1921, 1971). Rational attitude: further divide into felling psychological functions with its attitude, and thinking with its attitude. Irrational attitude: further divide into intuition psychological functions with its attitude and sensing with its attitude. â€Å"There is just a typical sensation, feeling, thinking and intuitive attitude† (Jung, 1921,1971). Attitude toward Taliban can be explained as individual response toward Taliban or the situations created by them. Regarding to the situation we have two kind of opinion toward them: 1: positive attitude: people who have soft corner for Taliban and think they have some reasonable logic for their acts. And there views basically base on the slogan one mans terrorism is another mans freedom fight. Ameer, Jamaat e Islami, Pakistan, Sirajul Haq, has said that if the government did not want more bloodshed, it should give serious consideration to the Talibans demands.(sirajul haq, 18 March 2014) .Jamaat-e-Islami leader Munawar Hassan gave a statement in which he portrayed Hakimullah Mehsud as â€Å"martyr† but refused to gave the status of â€Å"martyred’’ to the soldiers who fought Pakistans war( The News, 13 November 2013). 2: Negative attitude: people who think that Taliban are constant threat and there elimination from the country is must. ANPs (Awami National Party) spokesperson Mian Iftekhar Hussain , says that â€Å"those political parties who are supporting army for military action against TTP are the main targets for Taliban (tribune, 7th may 2013), TTP several times targeted political offices of Pakistan Peoples Party and Muttahida Quami Movement ( express Tirbune , may 7, 2013) These parties are in favor of the military action against TTP. Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) leader Bilawal Bhutto Zardari openly declared war against TTP (DAWN, 28th December 2013). On social networking site Bilawal Bhutto Zardari tweeted: Shahidullah Shahid said that constitution of Pakistan is not Islamic. He undoubtedly can’t read. The reality is TTP has nothing Islamic in it.(The News, 21 February 2014). Taliban are stone age they are ruthless and ignorant people’’,said Altaf Hussain MQM leader (Tribune 14 October 2012)) Altaf Hussains also stated that supporting Taiban’s is against Islam. And some top religious scholars of Pakistan agreed with his statement .Mufti Naeem, Allam Tahir Ashrafi, Sahibzada Hamid Raza agreed that his statement is according to shariat. Mufti Naeem said that shedding blood of innocent people is totally against the teaching of Islam. . Allama Tahir Ashrafi stated that how those groups could be supported who killed innocent people and destroyed religious places. Sahibzada Hamid Raza appreciated Altaf Hussain’s statement and said it is according to the preachings of Islam.( Royal News, 26th February 2014).Pakistan people party leader Rehamn Malik stated even if 15 members out of 2000 members of TTP are against Pakistan , then for me they all are anti-Pakistan (express Tribune, 17 march 2014). TTPs declaration of war against Pakistan, there terror attacks , kidnapping and killing of armed forces, as well as common people are causing terrorism catastrophizing and death anxiety among Pakistani people. Terrorism is design to demoralize its targets by violating the basic assumption that one is safe ( Gurwitch , Sitterle , young prefferbaum , 2002 ). Terrorism is a form of unsaid conformation that often targets civilian population as well as, or as substitute of, the military. Terror attacks carried out by small groups and they don’t need direct engagement like in war, attacks happened without warning , terrorist act within the society ,they can use rumors of possible disasters and upsetting events as effectively as real acts of horror (Pine, Costello Masten,2005). Terrorism is a strategies of violence designed to promote desire outcome by instilling fear in the public at large (Bassiouni, 1981, as cited in Moghaddam Marsella, 2004). Public intimidation is a key element that distinguishes terrorist violence form other form of violence. Unlike the customary violence in which victims are personally targeted, in terrorism the victims are incidental to terrorists intended aims, and the violence is used mainly as a way to provoke social conditions designed to further broader aims (Moghaddam Marsella, 2004). Terrorist attacks have psychological effects on general community and on their victims. The feelings of safety and security decreased , threat of life and level of stress increased which cause the change in the behavior , all these elements been noted in communities who have been victims of terrorism ( Schuster, 2001 , Huddy,2002 Bleich, 2003) There are numerous characteristics of terrorism that increase the severity and magnitude of psychological effects. First terrorist attacks take place without warning which create disturbance in the social and personal life of people. Terrorist attacks are more shocking for individuals. Areas that are supposed to be safe suddenly became unsafe. Feelings of insecurity may develop among people (Dziegielewski Summer,2002) Carr (2002) define terrorism as the name modification of war which is held against civilizations to shatter their will to support their leaders or policies that are the against of such violence and find it objectionable (Moghadd am Marsella, 2004). In terrorism, terrorist work in small groups working from within a society give them advantage to use rumors of possible disasters and upsetting events as effectively as real acts of horror (Pine, Costello, Masten, 2005). Terrorist attacks have psychological effects on general community as well as on their victims. It increases stress levels and feelings of safety and security reduced. Level of fear of threat and visible changes in behaviors have been noted in communities who have been victimized by terrorism (Huddy, 2002). There are numerous characteristics of terrorism that increase the severity and magnitude of psychological effects. First terrorist attacks take place without warning which negatively effect on the social and personal life of people. Terrorist attacks are more shocking for individuals. Areas that are supposed safe become suddenly unsafe and person starts feeling insecure. Feelings of insecurity may develop among people (Gurwitch, Sitterle, Young, Pfefferbaum, 2002). There are various definitions for the term Catastrophizing, Chavez and Brown (1987) define catastrophizing as the magnification of worry or negative thinking about specific negative life events. In terrorism catastrophizing the negative life event would be terror attacks .Spanos, Radtke-Bodorik, and Ferguson (1979) debate that thinking pattern which involves catastrophizing always focus on negative life events it is a very basic mental process which can lead toward different forms of psychological disturbances like anxiety and depression(Beck, Rush, Shaw, Emery, 1979;Garnefski, Teerds, Kraaij, Legerstee, Van den Kommer, 2004). Becks(1976, 1979) cognitive model assumes that catastrophizing is one specific cognitive style that underlies anticipatory anxiety this model of psychopathology addresses how people develop patterned and generally consistent thought processes based on their experiences. Specific patterns of cognitive disorganization (also known as cognitive distortions) have been shown to predispose one to various forms of psychopathology (Beck AT, 1979).The literature on cognitive distortions has shown that catastrophizing is a primary, and underlying cognitive process fueling disorders of mood and anxiety( Brown TA, Antony MM, Barlow ,1992) A research study showed that the terrorism catastrophizing is significant predictor of change in human behavior and also cab lead toward the psychological disturbance like , depression, anxiety, physiological stress and fear or death among survivors of terror attacks (SinclairLoCicero, 2007). Pakistan Institute for Peace Studies’s (PIPS) research shows that intense panic because of terrorism can cause dysfunctional behaviors, which commonly spread complications are stress, depression and death anxiety(Pakistan Security Report, 2009). Fear of death or Death anxiety can be defined as unavoidable intense feelings of dying, death, or what will happens after death. Death is defined as the state of non-being, the termination of biological life (Bond 1994,p4) Robert lagon (2004) divide death anxiety three forms: 1: Predatory death anxiety: is the oldest form of death anxiety, which is caused by the fear of being harmed. (Langs, R,2004) its origin linked with the unicellular organism’s techniques of adaptive resources , the receptors of unicellular react and protect if case of external threat . Response mechanism makes sure the survival in case of physical or chemical forms of attack. In humans when an individual find himself in danger predatory death anxiety evoked which help him to fight or flight decision , mobilized his recourses to fight against threat or attempt to escape (Castano et al ,2011) 2: Existential Death Anxiety: is basic conscious awareness of the reality about the end of the life or death. This is one of the most powerful forms of anxiety. Humans have unique capability of language, which is the basic reason of this kind of anxiety, communication and behavioral change created the roots of existential death anxiety. Humans deal with it through denial which is effected through a wide range of psychological and physical mechanisms. 3: Predator Death Anxiety: this form of death anxiety evoked when a human physically or psychologically harm another liven being. Unconscious guilt arouse in predator anxiety which lead toward and motivate different decision and actions to punish himself or harm himself these self-destructive actions works unconsciously. (Lagon.R, 2004). Terror Management Theory also explain death anxiety, it revolves around an individuals fear of death Originally generated from the work of Ernest Becker (1962, 1973, 1975), this theory hypothesizes that a persons death Anxiety is motivation for his or her behavior (Sowards, Moniz, Harris,1991). Humans experience death anxiety because, unlike other species, there is Awareness of ones own mortality, and yet they strive for self preservation. This knowledge of the inevitability of death can lead to death anxiety or a deep sense of terror. (Harmon-Jones et al.)And this fear of death can change the attitude or opinion of people. Research proves that when fear of death or mortality salience are triggered, even outside of conscious awareness ,people started to become more fearful, intolerant of change, more prejudiced, more socially reserved , start showing there support toward leaders who share there worldview, more fundamentalist and become more intolerant toward those who threatened to change their worldview (Pyszczynski, T., S. Solomon, and J. Greenberg, 2003) Terrorism in Pakistan is mainly caused by TTP for example Manawa Police academy attack, GOR attack, navy base camp attacks and many more. They accepted the responsibility and openly declared war against the state of Pakistan.These acts are causing death anxiety and terrorism catastrophizing which in result changing the attitude of people toward Taliban. Theoretical frame work: Terror Management Theory: The theory was originally proposed by Jeff Greenbrug, Sheldon Solomon, and Tom Pyszczsnky. Terror Management Theory (TMT) proposes that mortality salience motives all human behaviors. Theory explains how people react under the threat of terrorism. It proposes that after major terror hits like 9/11, the realization of one’s eventual death general in public. As the terror attacks keep occurring around the world and people focuses more on these threats fear of death increase. (Pyszczynski, T., S. Solomon, and J. Greenberg,2003). Research proves that when fear of death or mortality salience are triggered, even outside of conscious awareness ,people started to become more fearful, intolerant of change, more prejudiced, more socially reserved , start showing their support toward leaders who share there worldview, more fundamentalist and become more intolerant toward those who threatened to change their worldview .( Pyszczynski, T., S . Solomon, and J.Greenberg,2003). In current situation TTP is the threat for the students, they are causing life threatening situation in reaction student are experiencing death anxiety and they may want to eliminate the threat completely. Objectives of the study: To investigate the attitude of students toward Taliban. To investigate the relationship between attitude toward Taliban (negative and positive) and terrorism catastrophizing. To investigate the relationship between attitude towards Taliban (negative/positive) and death anxiety. To investigate gender differences among the level of terrorism catastrophizing and death anxiety

Protagonists Essay -- English Literature Essays

Protagonists The protagonists in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, â€Å"The Storm†, and â€Å"Eveline† all seem to have similarities in their character. They are all women that have lived in an era in which women are seen as nothing. This woman had no identity in this world because they were told what to do by men. Human nature is also another important element that these women have in common. Calixta from â€Å"The Storm† is a married woman with a family. She is living in a time period in which woman have no control in what goes on in their life. The husband handles everything and she does the housework and childbearing. Te other two women in the novels seem to be in the same situation. Throughout the novel there seems to be a lot of sexuality and passion as another man enters the picture. This man is an old boyfriend who comes to take shelter from â€Å"The Storm†. Calixta and Alcee rediscover the passion there is between them. â€Å"Alcee’s arm encircled her, and for an instant he drew her close and spasmodically to him† (362). While the storm is going on outside the passion inside the house is also storming between Calixta and Alcee. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† the protagonists is also dealing with the issues of control with her husband. She is also living in the same era as Calixta where she is told what to do. This poor woman seems to have been pushed in to the state of mind that she is currently in because of her husband. She basically was living in a prison with watch guards at her side. She ...

Equality and Diversity – the Way That People Describe Themselves and Others

Describe the individual factors that make a person who they are, by giving examples of each of the following factors: a) Physical characteristics b) Emotions c) Likes and dislikes d) Values and beliefs Each of us has different individual characteristics and factors, and it is the combination of these that make up who we are. The individual factors are made up of physical characteristics (what people see –examples might be our size, build, colour of hair or skin); emotions (the way in which you feel – examples might be confidence, shyness, an outgoing nature, or miserable); likes and dislikes (things you enjoy doing or those that you avoid – examples might be work, hobbies, sporting activities, cooking / eating, socialising); and values and beliefs (how the world appears to you – examples might be your religion, your moral code, your political beliefs, or your life choices in terms of education and employment). Resubmission: In relation to values and beliefs, these are essentially our moral make-up. They are the thoughts and beliefs by which we live our lives, and which will help to provide direction for us. Although they may develop as we progress from childhood into adulthood, our values and beliefs will generally tend to stay the same for much of our adult lives. Our values are ideas and moral views that we, as individuals, feel are very important to the way in which we live our lives, for instance the way in which we raise our children, or the way in which we value integrity and honesty in others. Our beliefs differ slightly in that they refer to ideas that we hold to be true, for instance religious or political views and ideology. Describe the ways in which someone might choose to describe themselves by giving examples of the following topics: a) Personal interests and characteristics b) Religious and cultural characteristics c) Geographic characteristics People are moulded to an extent by what they have seen and experience in their lifetimes, and this is something that can and will change as time moves on. When people are particularly interested or motivated by certain areas of life, hobbies or beliefs, they may choose to describe themselves by providing reference to that persuasion. For instance: †¢Personal interests and characteristics – As we progress through life, from child to adult, and then as we grow older, we develop interests in certain aspects of life and certain hobbies and pastimes. It may be that we develop these entirely independently of anyone else, but we are often guided and influenced by people we know or see. Our interests may be reflected in our membership of certain personal interest groups – for instance political parties, social groups or sporting groups. Someone with a particular interest in politics, and with particular political persuasion may choose to join a local political party, taking part in activities, and helping to campaign for certain political plans. They may then refer to themselves as a Conservative, for instance. Those who have a particular interest in community involvement may join a group such as the Rotary Club and help to organise charitable events. It may be that an ardent football or cricket fan joins a particular team as a member, thereafter referring to themselves by the name of the club (for example â€Å"A Gooner† (Arsenal FC)). , or a â€Å"Hell’s Angel†. In terms of personal characteristics, people may tend to refer to themselves by way of their characteristics, and these can be elements of a person’s make-up that they have not necessarily chosen or developed. These could be with regard to their emotional characteristics, perhaps describing themselves as â€Å"outgoing† or â€Å"funny†, or otherwise making reference to the way that they appear to others. They may also refer to themselves with regard to a particular personality trait, for instance their sexual persuasion. Some may refer to themselves by way of physical traits, for instance the colour of their hair, the size of their bodies, or a particular disability. †¢Religious and cultural characteristics – a person may refer to themselves in terms of their religion and belief (â€Å"I am a Christian / Jew / Muslim†). They may also choose to refer to themselves as being part of a particular cultural group, or as having particular cultural beliefs. For instance some may choose to describe themselves according to age group (for instance a teenager or pensioner), or with reference to their standing in society or perceived membership of a class group (working, middle or upper class), or perhaps with regard to their profession (for example tradesman, health worker). The cultural characteristics can also link in to an individual’s ideology or belief – it may be that they are a member of a particular belief group, such as Scientology, and therefore cal themselves a Scientologist; or they describe themselves as being of a particular political persuasion (â€Å"I am a Liberal†). Geographic characteristics – a person may describe themselves as being a member of a particular group based in a certain part of the Country. For instance, a â€Å"Geordie†, â€Å"Londoner†, or â€Å"Northerner† and â€Å"Southerner†. These groups carry with them a number of different identifiers: This cou ld be in terms of language and dialect used (one is often able to identify the geographic origin of those with particularly strong accents, or those using particular phrases); it may also be in terms of cuisine enjoyed within that particular region, the local sport, or perhaps the local customs and associated dress. In addition to these there has historically been differing geographic characteristics when it comes to employment and industry (for instance clay mining in the South West, coal mining in the northern areas of the UK, and steel making in areas such as Sheffield). All in all there are a number of different identifiers and characteristics that could be adopted by an individual as a result of where they originate from geographically. Explain what is meant by the following terms by completing the sentences: a) Dual discrimination means†¦ b) Positive discrimination means†¦ c) Discrimination arising from disability means†¦ ) Discrimination by association means†¦ e) Protected characteristics means†¦ a) Dual discrimination means being discriminated against for more than a single reason (eg race and religion). b) Positive discrimination means receiving favourable treatment as a result of one of their protected characteristics (eg level of service due to their age, or o ffer of a job due to gender). c) Discrimination arising from disability means being discriminated against as a result of having a disability. d) Discrimination by association means being discimnated against as a result of our association with another person or culture that is also receiving iscrimination. e) Protected characteristics means the personal / social characteristics that are protected from discrimination by law (gender / age / race / religion†¦ ). Make clear what it means to have multiple identities and then give three examples from people you know (not yourself) to illustrate your explanation of multiple identities. Having multiple or shared identities means that you are not just a member of a particaulr group or represent a single interest. People are made up of a number of different interests, beliefs, personal and geographical characteristics. Therefore when you describe yourself you would likely refer to a number of these identities in order to paint the full picture. For example: †¢A teacher, as well as a mother of two children, and a keen swimmer. †¢A doctor, as well as a cyclist, and a proud cook. †¢A schoolboy, older brother and keen gamer. Clearly explain what is meant by shared identities. Shared identities are interests or beliefs that we hold in common with a group of other people. This may be with regard to areas of life such as religion, sport, profession, or geographical area. Explain how an individual can identify themselves as belonging to a number of different groups. ) Give two examples for the above. An individual will almost certainly have interests, beliefs or membership that ties in with a number of different groups. As a result, they may choose to refer to any number of these when describing themselves as a person. For example: †¢I am a practising Christian and am also a proud North erner. †¢I am a pensioner, but still enjoy cycling with the Middlesex Marauders Any individual will almost certainly be a member of a number of different groups, either due to their specific ideals or beliefs, their physical and emotional characteristics, or their personal interests and characteristics. A number of these have been expanded upon in previous answers. A person may choose to describe themselves by reference to one or all of these membership groups. This may be with reference to personal interest groups – for instance political parties, social groups or sporting clubs. It may be with reference to personal characteristics, for instance their size, build, hair colour, emotional characteristics or sexual orientation. A person may refer to themselves in terms of their religion and belief. They may also choose to refer to themselves as being part of a particular cultural group, or as having particular political beliefs. An individual may also refer to themselves as coming from a particular geographic location, or as having originated from a particular demographic within society – for instance â€Å"a Northerner† or â€Å"a Geordie†. Two examples of using multiple groups as a way of describing yourself are as follows: †¢I am a practising Christian, a proud Northerner and am a founding member of the Lakeside lumberjacks. Here we see reference to a particular religious characteristic, in addition to a geographical characteristic and a personal interest characteristic. I am a pensioner, but still enjoy cycling with the Middlesex Marauders, and am a keen campaigner for the local Conservative party. Here we see examples of cultural (age and politics) characteristics, as well as personal interest characteristics. Write a description of yourself in terms of your own multiple identities. I am married and also a father of two children. I work locally as a police officer, a job that I entered after attending the University of Birmingham. I enjoy playing cricket as well as watching it, and am also a keen cyclist. I originate from Oxfordshire and have always lived in the South of England.

What You Need to Know About Registering for the GRE

What You Need to Know About Registering for the GRE Prometric, the company that administers the GRE General Test, works hard to ensure you can take the test at a time thats convenient for you. Unlike the SAT, ACT or MCAT, there are no standardized national testing dates set in stone for the computer-based GRE. The testing times vary from city to city and country to country, so completing your GRE registration is a little more complicated. These GRE registration details are standard, though, so make sure you read and understand what you have to do. GRE Registration Facts First, take a dive into the  GRE fee information  before you get started, so you know exactly how much this bad boy is going to set you back. If youre taking the computer-based GRE, you  can register online, by phone (call 1-800-GRE-CALL) or by mail. If youre taking the  the paper-based GRE, then your options are to register by mail or online. You cant register online if you need a fee reduction, testing accommodations, Monday testing, or standby testing, so check into those if you have special circumstances. If you do complete your registration online,  youll receive immediate confirmation as well as an email confirmation. You can search by country, state, and city to find a testing location nearest to you and you  can also search within a three-month time frame to find a testing appointment time that would work for you and your busy schedule. Unlike the LSAT, there are many options both during the week and on the weekends to take the test so finding a time that works is pretty easy. As the GRE testing appointments are four hours long, you should take that into consideration if youre fitting this in around important dates.   GRE Registration Options You  are allowed to take the GRE a number of times, but there are some rules. You cannot take the GRE more than five times in any 12-month (not calendar year) period. And those administrations must be 21 days apart at the minimum. You may not exceed this number for any reason, even if you have chosen to cancel your GRE score   Acceptable ID for the GRE When you register for the test, youll be asked to provide an acceptable form of identification such as a passport with name, photo, and signature, drivers license with name, photo, and signature or military identification with name photo and signature. (Other forms of ID are acceptable, too, based on your country). Pay attention to the information on your ID when registering. Your registration entry must match your ID card exactly when you show up to test (except for accents), or you will not be allowed to sit for the exam. If you have questions because of your unique name, then check out the information from ETS regarding registering under those circumstances. Complete Your GRE Registration Ready to get started? Before you register, make sure you understand the test youre actually taking. Learn more about the  Revised GRE, along with details for the  GRE Verbal Reasoning Section  and the  GRE Quantitative Reasoning Section. Then, jump to the ETS website and complete your GRE registration today.

Free Essays on Evergrowing Technology

â€Å" In the past 50 years, no industry has expanded faster or affected more human beings than computers.† They have changed the world in countless ways. With every purchase, with every push of a button, and with every flip of a switch, a computer is involved. It allows us to make unfathomable calculations with the stroke of a keyboard, and has helped develop new technology in every job field. The people involved with developing and maintaining these technological wonders are known as computer engineers. The career of computer engineering has been growing exponentially for the last 20 years. With constant need for repair, development, or modification, this field has boundless possiblities. As people become more and more reliant on computers, this need for engineers will only increase. Currently, there are many ways to be a computer engineer. There are research engineers who work on future systems to be released into the market. They develop new ideas and concepts for upcoming products and lay the groundwork for other engineers. There are also development engineers who create new products, systems, and applications. They take the ideas from the research engineers and decide how it will be created. Finally, there are also product and manufacturing engineers who transform laboratory creations into things that can be manufactured. All of these engineers have the same general type of job in the end. They work to improve or manufacture computers in one way or another. They work with both hardware and software to develop new and better ways to make computers work. However, there is much schooling involved to enter into this career. Along with a high school education, a minimum of a 4 year bachelor degree is also required. A masters or doctorate degree is useful to get higher, or more well paid positions. Once on the job, the average pay for a computer engineer is sixty thousand dollars a year. Starting pay varies depe... Free Essays on Evergrowing Technology Free Essays on Evergrowing Technology â€Å" In the past 50 years, no industry has expanded faster or affected more human beings than computers.† They have changed the world in countless ways. With every purchase, with every push of a button, and with every flip of a switch, a computer is involved. It allows us to make unfathomable calculations with the stroke of a keyboard, and has helped develop new technology in every job field. The people involved with developing and maintaining these technological wonders are known as computer engineers. The career of computer engineering has been growing exponentially for the last 20 years. With constant need for repair, development, or modification, this field has boundless possiblities. As people become more and more reliant on computers, this need for engineers will only increase. Currently, there are many ways to be a computer engineer. There are research engineers who work on future systems to be released into the market. They develop new ideas and concepts for upcoming products and lay the groundwork for other engineers. There are also development engineers who create new products, systems, and applications. They take the ideas from the research engineers and decide how it will be created. Finally, there are also product and manufacturing engineers who transform laboratory creations into things that can be manufactured. All of these engineers have the same general type of job in the end. They work to improve or manufacture computers in one way or another. They work with both hardware and software to develop new and better ways to make computers work. However, there is much schooling involved to enter into this career. Along with a high school education, a minimum of a 4 year bachelor degree is also required. A masters or doctorate degree is useful to get higher, or more well paid positions. Once on the job, the average pay for a computer engineer is sixty thousand dollars a year. Starting pay varies depe...

Leadership Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Leadership Model - Essay Example However the retention rate has declined recently and management has reinforced Pat to review and improve recruitment process (Northouse, 2013). Pat looks for certain characteristics in every candidate like being responsible and having strong interpersonal skills. He also looks for such candidates who strongly follow ethical principles as confidentiality and observance of fiduciary responsibilities are key factors while working in banks. All of these factors hold significant importance but those are not solely adequate to find right candidates (Northouse, 2013). He misses performance of the incumbents during probation that could serve as a tool fill gaps in recruitment. Pat needs to consider vision, mission and organizational culture while recruiting credit analysts. These broad considerations help to find such candidates who may easily align and merge with the existing groups and teams. The leadership model of Montgomery and Associates may be applicable to find the right traits in the candidates. First, the need is to identify the issue that has arisen over last few years in the process of recruitment and selection. Major issue is high rate of job turnover that costs the organization and it also results in increased burden over existing employees. The first ring in model is courage which means that the conventional processes should be altered in the light of recurring issues. Pat should embrace the change in his traditional method. The model suggests that adequate information and knowledge must be acquired in order to set long term goals to be achieved through recruitment. Senior management has raised concerns over increased rate of turnover as it wastes the incurred training costs and time. The employees are overburdened and hence overall organizational productivity suffers. Current recruitment criteria of Pat is to look for the candidates who have good command on computer and have sound technical and analytical skills. He recruits the

Wedding in the Pakistani culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wedding in the Pakistani culture - Essay Example Pakistan and India have lived together for centuries until 1947, when the two countries parted ways with each other with the Muslim majority in the former and the Hindu majority in the latter. Although, since 1947, the two countries have not had good relations with each other and have had many wars since then, yet there are many traits of the Hindu culture that are ingrained in Pakistanis, and same holds true for the Indians also. The two nations, having lived together for centuries, share norms and values, and many characteristics of their cultures are alike. Mehndi happens to be one of them, though there is no significance of Mehndi in Islam, that happens to be the religion of a majority of Pakistanis. In Islam, there is Nikah and Walima. However, Mehndi is a very strong cultural feature of a Pakistani wedding, and any wedding is considered incomplete without the function of Mehndi. The function of Mehndi is specifically meant for singing and dancing.Some Pakistanis prefer to have two Mehndi functions, one for the bride and the other for the groom, while a vast majority of Pakistanis organize one Mehndi function, that stands both for the bride and the groom together. The function of Mehndi is fundamentally meant for ladies, and gents have little to no representation in this function, particularly in the more reserved class of Pakistanis. Nonetheless, modern families particularly the elite class ensures equal participation of both ladies and gents in the function. Dress code: Yellow is the most dominant color in a traditional Pakistani Mehndi function. Yellow color is associated with Mehndi because Mehndi itself is a strong shade of yellowish brown. Yellow color reflects in the stage, flowers, decoration, dresses, ribbons, bridal dress and the curtains. Most ladies wear shades of yellow. The dresses are bordered with golden ribbons to maintain the yellow theme along with lending the touch of festival to ordinary yellow clothes. Men, on the other hand, have no specific color definition for their Mehndi dresses. They may wear any color from white to black. Again, there is variation in the color scheme in men’s Mehndi dresses depending upon the conservatism of the people celebrating the function. In extremely well organized Mehndi functions, all men and boys that are related to the bride or groom wear Kurta Shalwar of same color, usually white or black. The Kurta is topped with a Pattu. Men’s Pattus seem very much like the girls’ Dupattas, though they are actually quite different. Men’s Pattus are longer than girls’ dupattas and are specifically meant for the function of Mehndi. Other than the Mehndi function, Pakistani men do not wear Pattus. (â€Å"Pakistan Mehndi Dresses Pictures†). Significance of Mehndi: Mehndi being an essential component of a traditional Pakistani wedding, speaks of the livelihood of Pakistanis and the beauty of the culture of Pakistan. The function incurs a lot of cost to th e organizers. In fact, a major part of the total expenses of a traditional Pakistani wedding goes into the Mehndi function. Despite its huge cost, people organize it for no other